A large number of systemic pathologies can lead to a significant withdrawal of the quality of life, a complete loss of performance and even severe disability.Diseases connected to the musculoskeletal system do not only occur in old age.All 2-3 If if they are used for patients in work.The most dangerous and poorly assigned correction is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by the dilution of the cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a reduction in the amplitude of movements and to pronounced pain when tries to carry it out.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only because of the appointment of adequate treatment in the very early stages of the development of the disease.In this article we will find out the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnostic methods and treatment of osteoarthritis.
The prevalence of osteoarthritis
If you pay attention to statistical indicators, it can be determined that osteoarthritis is a very relevant disease, and every year the frequency of its occurrence only grows.According to the World Health Organization, pathology is observed in seven percent of the planet's population.This primarily provides in the frequency of evidence compared to other diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of the joints of the non -inflammatory etiology, which leads to deformations in the affected areas
The degeneration of cartilage is often observed in young people, more often in men.In young girls, interfalized osteoarthritis is often found.After reaching fifty years, the lesion frequency and localization of the focus for representatives of both sexes becomes approximately the same and is approximately 60%.
From the data shown can be understood that it is extremely important to identify pathology in the early stages for the most effective drug therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of started osteoarthritis for most older patients in connection with the financial component is inaccessible.
Causes and risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis
The frequency of the occurrence of the joints presented has led to the problem in the medical circles of highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are issued annually for studies on arthrosis by leading clinics.The gradual examination of the problem made it possible to find out the pathogenesis of the process and the factors that can increase the likelihood of the occurrence of the disease.
The modern and complete classification of the joint degeneration is shown below.At this stage, it is sufficient to understand that the primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
The reasons that can lead to the development of a secondary joint disease are the following:
- Congenital changes in connection with blood supply to joint joints;
- Violation of the cartilage, the band apparatus or the bone growth zones;
- Violations in connection with the metabolism, especially with a mineral connection;
- Autoimmunpathologies;
- Infections influence the bone tissue;
- Hemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease that can develop from the influence of such provocative factors:
- Senile age;
- the presence of excess body weight;
- excessive physical activity;
- Surgical interventions in the joint;
- genetic predisposition;
- Inadequate digestive intake of calcium and other minerals;
- Chronic poisoning;
- long and frequent stay at low temperatures;
- Frequent violation of the bone joint.
The development mechanism of arthrosis
The normal bone joint consists of two or more heads of the joint, the band apparatus, the cartilage and the synovial fluid.All of these structures offer mobility in a certain area of the musculoskeletal system without pain.They also enable the load that is preserved by walking and jumping without dispersing them without damaging the body.
The arthrosis of the joints belongs to a group of diseases with polyetiological origin.This means that the cause of the development is most often the influence of an entire complex of triggers, including professional painkillers, obesity, older people and malnutrition.The pathogenesis is that certain influences lead to a significant deterioration in blood supply and the lymph flow from the specified area.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the ability to rapid regeneration and products of a normal amount of intra -articular liquid, which reduces the friction of surfaces during the movement.Gradually the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the influence of pressure in active body movements.
The compensatory skills of the tissue are gradually exhausted and a chondrocyte layer is gradually deleted.When the degeneration reaches bones, pronounced pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient can completely lose the ability to actively move and maintain his needs independently.
Symptoms of arthrosis
The person does not experience what arthrosis is, the disease gradually begins and does not appear in the initial phases.Over time, the patient determines the occurrence of slight pain without a certain localization, which is improved against the background of a significant physical exertion.The growing degeneration means that the pain occurs with minor movements and win a clear place.
The less noticeable symptoms of arthrosis include:
- "Pain" pain in the weather;
- Crunch when moving;
- Stiffness in the morning;
- Muscle cramps.
With a deep lesion of the cartilage, there are signs that indicate local inflammation, such as swelling, reddening of the skin and a local increase in temperature.If a person is not looking for help from a doctor, the symptoms occur and appear not only against the background of physical exercises, but also at rest.
The thinning of a chondrocyte layer leads to a deformation of the joints and a violation of the normal functionality of the limb.When the patient feels the pathological focus, he notices the points of the greatest pain.In addition, the cartilage is considerably thickened along its edge, which indicates compensatory hypertrophy.
pain
A large number of violations in the field of bone joints lead to certain difficulties in the process of differential diagnosis.After evaluating the type of pain, osteoarthritis can be distinguished from arthritis against another etiology.When described, painful sensations usually occur when trying to carry out active movements.The intensity will gradually increase when an attempt is made to increase the load of the damaged connection.
The clinical image described corresponds to the first stage of the process.In the second and third phase of the progression, pain even occurs in a state of complete calm.You can only stop them by giving a position for the limb.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain that does not disappear when the position changes and is also intensified at night.
Sowing of the joint
The destruction of the natural structure of the cartilage leads to an active proliferation of chondroblasts, but every polypotent cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is referred to as a compensatory buffer.This means that the cell dies according to a certain amount of mitotic divisions and can no longer reproduce its own way.
After a while, this leads to a change in the normal form of the joint column, the appearance of the so -called "Christ" or the outgrowth in its lumen and its outputs.This phenomenon only tightens the process because the spikes formed during the destruction process cause additional damage during the movement.
Due to the change in the smoothness of the joint surface, the occurrence of tuberosity and irregularities, the amplitude of active and passive movements is significantly reduced.It is this symptom that is most frequently looking for medical help.Unfortunately, the effectiveness of drug treatment becomes too low at this stage, and only a surgical joint correction can correct the situation.
The functions include:
- High probability to develop "contract reacture" or a complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the member;
- Shares are observed all day long and not only in the morning as in arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb must be faded manually in order to give it a more comfortable position.
Noises in the joint
Many have heard a characteristic "crispy" sound when kneading.There is a theory according to which this phenomenon is observed in a healthy person when the pressure in the capsule of the bone joint changes in the capsule.As a result, the density of the synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubbles that quickly expand and burst, which creates a glow of the crust.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with osteoarthritis a similar sound appears as a result of other processes.
The cartilage from Crysta formed during the cartilage destruction of the joint and joint cliff, which led to the formation of cracks and the renovation of the band apparatus.Even an inexperienced person can distinguish the sound in the joint with osteoarthritis - he is rough and "dry".The severity and volume of the symptom described are directly proportional to the stage of the disease.
The special features of noise in the joint with osteoarthritis are:
- Their presence only in the staggering;
- Always accompanied by a deterioration in mobility;
- The utilization develops in the later stages of the disease.
Change the appearance of the joint
In the early stages of the development of osteoarthritis, the process does not lead to a change in the shape of the bone joint.A noticeable change can only be observed in the event of a neglected disease if one part of the joint is completely deleted and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural shape.The given symptom is extremely unfavorable, since the presence of deformation in the region, for example the knee or hip joint, always leads to changes in the area of the lower structures due to the shift of the axis of the load.
Types and phases of arthrosis
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite branched due to the enormous list of possible localization of the pathological focus.
The most important differences are made for the convenience of communication between specialists from various medical centers and even countries in the subject of diagnosis and treatment of this disease:
- Osteoarthritis of the hands;
- cervical;
- Ankle;
- Knee;
- Polyarthrosis;
- Hip;
- Spine.
When creating a diagnosis, a very important phase is exactly the exact determination of the stage of the destructive process.The stages of the development of osteoarthritis are differentiated:
Level 1 - There are no visible changes in the shape of the joint, disorders are observed in the biochemical composition of the intra -card -cardigular liquid, an insignificant pain syndrome, which is supplemented by inflammatory manifestations in the joint.
Level 2 - A degenerative process is observed in the cartilage.The "Christ" forms, stiffness and significant pain syndrome are connected during the movements.The distance of the surrounding joint of the muscles is created.
Level 3 - The presence of extensive burning devices of the cartilage destruction is determined, the shape of the joint changes, the amplitude of the active and passive movements in the limbs significantly reduced or completely lacks.Patients at this stage often develop contract regulations that completely stop the movements in the affected area.
Complications
An uncontrolled destructive process can lead to serious complications, which, in addition to the quality of life, can lead to a complete inability to take care of yourself.
The most difficult are:
- Complete destruction of the cartilage tissue of the joint;
- Contract;
- the appearance of hernial promotions in the area of the intervertebral discs;
- severe disability of the patient;
- Significant deformation of the limb.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
Unfortunately, many patients unfortunately learn what arthrosis is and how they can be treated in these phases if a significant effect is no longer possible to achieve a significant effect.It is necessary to correct the correction of the state of the musculoskeletal system after the occurrence of the first symptoms and lifelong life symptoms and the punishment.This is due to the fact that the effects of factors that contribute to the development of the disease are rarely prevented.For example, age -related changes in blood supply and lymph flow from the joint require the constant use of vascular medication.In view of the pathogenesis, therapy should be complex and comprehensive.First, after the occurrence of unpleasant sensations when moving refer to a specialist in the rheumatological profile or a traumatologist.The doctor, which is based on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, will determine a precise diagnosis and solve the problem of prescribing adequate treatment.
Treatment with medication
In the early stages of osteoarthritis, you can correct the situation with the help of medication.Such medication are used for this purpose:
- Hormones of the adrenal cortex;
- non -steroidal anti -inflammatory medication;
- Preparations with chondroprotective effects.
A complex influence makes it possible to save the patient from pain, to evaluate the inflammatory process and to restore normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.
The latest therapy
Advanced developments in the field of drug treatment led to the creation of new medicines, which essentially replaced by natural synovial fluid.Developed molecules can significantly reduce the process of cartilage regeneration, reduce the pain and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.The artificial synovial fluid is inserted directly into the joint bags every week.The duration of a treatment course is 3-5 weeks.Usually the result achieved is sufficient for the normal lifespan of a person for 6-12 months.The patients claim that comfort and quality of life are significantly improved.Unfortunately, this tactic only applies in relation to people with 1-2 arthrosis stage.
Surgical treatment
With severe damage to large joints such as hip or knee damage at a relatively young age of up to 60 years, patients are offered an operation for a complete replacement of the joint.Today, ceramic and titanium transplants are used that can completely restore lost functions.These devices are strong enough and can offer the patient up to 20 years of life without problems with mobility with replaced joints.
People's recipes
Non -traditional medicine is often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.This is due to the fact that after the end of an acute process, a lifelong therapy is necessary to restore and maintain the natural structure of the cartilage.In order to achieve the goals, the products used must be safe and natural as possible.
Compression and lotions with a decoction of the following plants are very popular:
- Ginger root;
- Cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- Turmeric;
- Celery.
Diet with osteoarthritis
When treating the pathology presented, it is extremely important to offer the body a constant absorption of nutrients.This can only be achieved if compliance with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and micro elements of the diet fats with regard to the content of proteins.To create the most appropriate circuit, you should seek help from a nutritionist.From nutrition it is necessary to remove fast carbohydrates and alcohol.The basis of the table should be dishes made of fish, red meat and fresh fruit.
It is very important to meet the following nutritional rules for osteoarthritis:
- Balance;
- Eat in small portions 5-6 times a day;
- Do not eat after 7:00 p.m.;
- Get rid of excess body weight.
prevention
Due to the polyetiological state, there is no specific prevention of osteoarthritis today.
You can warn the onset of the disease by observing general recommendations:
- real nutrition;
- moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- Normalization of body weight;
- Frequent fractional nutrition;
- Compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Rejection of bad habits.
Diploma
The pathological state of the musculoskeletal system presented is often observed in older patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of an early diagnosis of the disease, since in this case it can only count on a successful result from conservative treatment.The forecast for the ability to work, subject to early identification and compliance with all the doctor's recipes is favorable.The presence of arthrosis of the third stage is accompanied by an unfavorable forecast and can lead to the patient does not serve himself.
Nevertheless, even the most severe form of the disease is adapted with the help of surgical treatment, the disadvantages of which are of them:
- Trauma of the operation;
- high costs;
- long rehabilitation phase;
- It cannot be applied to patients over 60 years.